Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Analysis on the Social Advantages and Practical Paths of Integrating Medical Social Work Services in the Medical Field / 中国医学伦理学

There are some issues in the process of patient treatment in the medical field, such as knowledge inequality, difficulties in doctor-patient trust and interdisciplinary cooperation, disciplinary barriers, excessive diagnosis and treatment, and structural imbalance of medical resources. In response to these issues, combined with the advantages of conceptual integration, professional integration, and resource integration of medical social work, this paper proposed a practical path for integrating medical social work services in the medical field. The main paths include micro path that systematization, comprehensiveness, and personalization of patient’s diagnosis and treatment process, the integration of intermediary path that integration of disciplinary and professional perspectives, concepts, and practices, and macro path that collaboration and coordination among society, community, and healthcare systems.

Reflections on Social Work Helps to Narrative Medicine Practice in China / 中国医学伦理学

Modern medical model advocates holistic medical treatment and holistic care, which transforms the concern about diseases in traditional medicine into the concern about people in modern medicine. Narrative medicine, as a tool for practicing holistic medical treatment and holistic care, runs through the whole process of patients’ entering medical procedures. It not only meets the needs of patients’ disease-related narratives, but also provides a new and more comprehensive way of communication for both doctors and patients, which is helpful to promote the comprehensive recovery of patients and the healthy development of doctor-patient relationship. At present, narrative medicine is facing some difficulties in the process of local practice in China. Social work, as one of the main bodies of multi-disciplinary and inter-professional cooperation in the medical field, can give full play to its professional advantages to help the new exploration of narrative medicine practice in China.

Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Therapeutic Effect of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines on Coronary Artery Disease Complicated with Carotid Atherosclerosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects of oral Chinese medicines （including Chinese patent medicines） on coronary artery disease （CAD） by the Bayesian network Meta-analysis. MethodThe randomized controlled trials of treating CAD with oral Chinese medicines were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， and Cochrane Library from the inception to December 1， 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. The direct meta-analysis was performed to compare the performance of oral Chinese medicines alone and in combination with Western medicine in the treatment of CAD in terms of intima-media thickness （IMT）， vascular endothelial function， plaque score， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and total response rate. Furthermore， the Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic effects of different Chinese medicines. ResultA total of 41 articles were included. The direct meta-analysis results showed that Chinese medicines combined with Western medicine outperformed Western medicine alone in recovering all the indicators of CAD. The Bayesian network meta-analysis yielded the following results. In terms of the total response rate， modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang and Sanqi Huayu pills had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of IMT and plaque score， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Yiqi Tongluo formula， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， and Guanxin Shutong capsules had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of blood lipid indicators， Shenqi Roumai mixture， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Qiwei Sanxiong decoction， and Sanqi Huayu pills were superior to other Chinese medicines. The Chinese medicines above mainly had the functions of activating blood， resolving stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging vessels. ConclusionThe combination of oral Chinese medicines and Western medicine is effective in treating CAD. Clinicians can use the drugs targeting abnormal indicators according to the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis combined with the actual situation of patients to achieve better therapeutic effects.

Clinical advantages of nebivolol in the treatment of hypertension / 中国药房

β-blocker is one of the commonly used anti-hypertensive drugs， and there are obvious differences in the selection of this class of drugs. Nebivolol is a third-generation β-blocker with a unique mechanism of action. This article summarizes the clinical application of nebivolol in anti-hypertensive treatment in recent years， and it is found that compared with other β-blockers， nebivolol has certain clinical treatment advantages. In addition to having a significant antihypertensive effect， it also has little impact on sexual function and heart rate of patients， and does not affect the blood glucose and lipid metabolism， so the drug is more suitable for some special groups of patients， including sexually active male hypertensive patients， hypertensive patients with complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

Enlightenment of the cooperative mode between social and commercial of Medicare in the United States on development of " City-customized Medical Insurance" in China / 中华医院管理杂志

As a powerful attempt by government to promote the construction of the multi-level healthcare security system and social and commercial integration in China, " City-customized Medical Insurance" still has many problems to be solved at the beginning of its development, such as unclear boundary between government and enterprises, limited coverage and strength of security. On the basis of clarifying the current situation of " City-customized Medical Insurance", and combing the management experience of social and commercial integration in Medicare Part C plan of the United States, the authors put forward that China should make full use of the advantages of the combination of promising government and efficient market, guide differentiated product design, and establish market access and evaluation mechanism, so as to promote the effective connection between China′s commercial health insurance and basic healthcare insurance, and further reduce the people′s medical burden.

Volatile Oils from Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Breast cancer is a systemic malignant tumor caused by multiple pathogenic factors， and its pathological mechanism is complex and has not been clarified so far. It has gradually become the largest killer threatening women's life. The common method for the treatment of breast cancer is lesion resection combined with radiation and chemical therapy， endocrine therapy， or targeted therapy. However， due to the limitations of western medicine therapies， there are still considerable breast cancer patients with poor disease control and high tumor recurrence rate in clinical practice. At the same time， the side effects and complications produced by these therapies affect the quality of life of patients. Therefore， it is urgent to develop new drugs or find safe and effective alternative therapies against breast cancer. Volatile oil （VO）， as a unique volatile component of Chinese herbal medicines， has anti-inflammatory， antiviral， and anti-tumor activities. It has been applied in the treatment of breast cancer and has demonstrated good efficacy by exerting the unique effects of strengthening healthy Qi， eliminating pathogenic factors， moving Qi， resolving stasis， warming Yang， soothing liver， and relieving depression. The recent studies have confirmed that VO and its chemical components can prevent and treat breast cancer via multiple mechanisms， while there is a lack of systematic review. The relevant literature published in recent years has demonstrated that VO can inhibit the occurrence and development of breast cancer by regulating the level of estrogen， inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells， enhancing immunity， resisting inflammation， and regulating emotions. We introduced the pathogenesis of breast cancer， as well as the mechanisms and advantages of VO in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer， aiming to provide new ideas for the research on VO in the treatment of breast cancer.

Anestesia peridural caudal en neonatos: una alternativa segura para el anestesiólogo / Caudal peridural anesthesia in neonates: a safe alternative for the anesthesiologist

Introducción: Las técnicas de anestesia y analgesia regional en la población pediátrica garantizan la estabilidad hemodinámica y respiratoria. El uso de la anestesia caudal ha aumentado enormemente sobre todo para cirugías de abdomen inferior lo que ofrece ventajas sobre la anestesia general. Objetivo: Argumentar sobre la base de la mejor evidencia científica, la opinión de los autores en relación a la efectividad del uso de la anestesia caudal en los pacientes neonatos. Método: El marco inicial de búsqueda bibliográfica se constituyó por los artículos publicados acerca de la utilización de la anestesia caudal en neonatos. Las fuentes de información que se utilizaron fueron: Registro Cochrane central de ensayos clínicos controlados, Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, Ebsco, Science, Google académico. Resultados: El bloqueo caudal es la aplicación de un anestésico local en el espacio peridural, pero a nivel sacro, lo que ocasiona un bloqueo de conducción en las raíces nerviosas que cubre la analgesia, no solo el período intraoperatorio sino también el posoperatorio, lo cual permite una adecuada estabilidad hemodinámica, reduce el sangrado, evita el uso de opioides, anestésicos generales y relajantes musculares. La necesidad de asistencia respiratoria se ve reducida. Conclusiones: Es una técnica segura y económica en ocasiones subvalorada en el recién nacido. Esto, junto a una más rápida recuperación, lleva a considerar la anestesia regional como una alternativa a la anestesia general(AU)

Introduction: Regional anesthesia and analgesia techniques in the pediatric population guarantee hemodynamic and respiratory stability. The use of caudal anesthesia has increased enormously, especially for lower abdominal surgeries, which offers advantages over general anesthesia. Objective: To argue, based upon the best scientific evidence, the opinion of the authors regarding the effectiveness of the use of caudal anesthesia in neonatal patients. Method: The initial framework for the bibliographic search consisted of the articles published about the use of caudal anesthesia in neonates. The sources of information were the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, Ebsco, Science, Google Scholar. Results: Caudal block is the application of a local anesthetic into the epidural space, but at the sacral level, which causes a conduction block in the nerve roots that covers analgesia, not only in the intraoperative period but also in the postoperative one, which allows adequate hemodynamic stability, reduces bleeding, avoids the use of opioids, general anesthetics and muscle relaxants. The need for respiratory support is reduced. Conclusions: It is a safe and economical technique, sometimes undervalued in the newborn. This, together with a faster recovery, leads to considering regional anesthesia as an alternative over general anesthesia(AU)

Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development

Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer, in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design (CAD) software. This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity, product personalization, and on-demand manufacturing. The emergence of 3D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the application of 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, with an emphasis on the advantages of 3D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery, personalized drug delivery, compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery. In addition, this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.

The practice of resolving medical disputes by the mediation studio specially invited by the people′s court / 中华医院管理杂志

Based on the main problems existing in the current way of handling medical disputes, the authors explored a new method for handling medical disputes, and summarized the advantages of the mode of mediation studio specially invited by the people′s court. This mode effectively connected the traditional medical dispute resolution approaches, complemented each other′s advantages, and provided a faster, more efficient and national compulsory solution for medical disputes.

Discussion on advantages and disadvantages in prevention and control of emerging infectious disease in Wuhan / 上海预防医学

On the basis of systematic evaluation of 32 provincial capital cities and municipalities in their capacity for preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases, focus analysis is made on Wuhan in relation to its advantages and disadvantages as follows:There has been a legal basis for epidemic prevention according to law, but it has not translated into effective action.There has been an organizational basis for responding to epidemic, but coordination mechanism has not been effectively established.The management mechanism has been complete, but the division of responsibilities among different departments has not been clear.The monitoring network has been set up, but its role of "predictive warning" has not been played.Insufficiency of public health service delivery was observed owing to lack of financial investment.In cities of China, advantages and disadvantages have been both existent in their capacity to prevent and control of emerging infectious disease.We should be vigilant in this regard. It is imperative to "fill defects, stop leaks and strengthen weakness".There is a Chinese saying:"It is not too late to mend a fold after the sheep have been stolen".

Advantages and disadvantages of common methods of hip-conserving surgery for osteonecrosis of femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for the treatment of non-traumatic necrosis of the femoral head. In the clinical treatment, various stages of necrosis are the decisive factors for the choice of operation. In the past, there are many studies about the effectiveness of various techniques, but few studies concern the causes of failure or risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether other internal and external factors affect the success rate of hip preservation besides necrosis stage. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang database for related studies published from 2010 to 2019. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, core decompression, non-vascularized bone grafting, vascularized free bone grafting, porous tantalum rod implantation, osteotomy, biological agents, cytotherapy” in English, and “hip-conserving surgery, hip preservation, core decompression, bone graft without blood vessel, bone graft with blood vessel, porous tantalum rod placement, osteotomy, biologics, cell therapy” in Chinese. A total of 214 articles were retrieved, and the full text was consulted. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 articles were finally included for analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The advantages and disadvantages of each hip-conserving surgery should be evaluated. (2) Although core decompression is simple, it should not be used alone; the lateral column should be reserved properly when the non-vascularized bone transplantation is used to clean up the dead bone, so as to deal with the mechanical weakening; the blood loss and fracture risk are higher when the vascularized bone transplantation is converted to total hip replacement; the stress concentration is easily caused by tantalum rod implantation, and the clinical application is less. (3) Osteotomy, as a kind of hip-conserving surgery with great trauma, should be planned in detail for patients’ age, body mass index, and necrotic range, besides considering the necrotic stage. (4) The risk of total hip replacement should be considered in the long run no matter which operation. (5) The combination of various surgical methods and biological agents may achieve better results.

Pay attention to situation of SARS-CoV-2 and TCM advantages in treatment of novel coronavirus infection / 中草药·英文版

Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus epidemic, novel coronavirus has infected nearly 100,000 people in more than 110 countries. How to face this new coronavirus epidemic outbreak is an important issue. Basic reproduction number (R0) is an important parameter in epidemiology; The basic reproduction number of an infection can be thought of as the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. Epidemiology dynamics is a mathematical model based on a susceptibility-infection-recovery epidemic model. Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. In this review, the early use of TCM for light and ordinary patients, can rapidly improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization days and reduce severe cases transformed from light and normal. Many TCM formulas and products have wide application in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The TCM theoretical system of treating epidemic diseases with TCM and the treatment scheme of integrated Chinese and Western medicine have proved their effectiveness in clinical practice. TCM can cure COVID-19 pneumonia, and also shows that the role of TCM in blocking the progress of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Research Progress in Fractional Flow Reserve / 中国医疗器械杂志

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a heart disease caused by coronary artery stenosis or obstruction, resulting in myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis. Its examination methods include electrocardiogram, hematological examination, coronary CT, coronary angiography and intravascular imaging technology, etc. In recent years, blood Fractional Flow Reserve(FFR) has been widely used to measure the degree of coronary artery stenosis in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Based on the related literature at home and abroad, elaborated the FFR measurements of coronary artery stenosis degree background significance, basic principle and implementation method, on the basis of inductive expounds the FFR examination of clinical research and the advantages and disadvantages, at the same time a preliminary prospect on the development of technology of FFR iFR-the future instantaneous waveform ratio and the functional SYNTAX score has a broad space for development.

Development thinking on the advantages of the preparation of filing system on the traditional Chinese medicine in medical institutions / 国际中医中药杂志

The Chinese Medicine Law and the Drug Administration Law have been carried out and implemented that it is good opportunities to develop traditional Chinese medicine preparations and to promote the inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine by giving full play to the advantages of the traditional Chinese medicine preparations for filing, clarifying the train of thought of the filing system, and unblocking the channels for the filing system. This paper focuses on the analysis of the advantages and development of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation record system in medical institutions.

Bloqueo del nervio femoral con estimulador de nervio periférico en la artroscopia de rodilla / Femoral nerve block with peripheral nerve stimulator in knee arthroscopy

Introducción: el bloqueo del nervio femoral es una de las técnicas básicas del bloqueo nervioso. Objetivo: describir los resultados del bloqueo del nervio femoral con estimulador de nervio periférico en pacientes intervenidos de artroscopia de rodilla. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo de corte longitudinal. La muestra estuvo integrada por 84 pacientes intervenidos de artroscopia de rodilla en los cuales se utilizó el bloqueo del nervio femoral como técnica anestésica. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, con estado físico I-III según la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (ASA), sin alergia conocida a los anestésicos locales y sin contraindicaciones para las técnicas regionales; se excluyeron del estudio aquellos pacientes con intervención quirúrgica ilioinguinal previa, con tumoraciones en región inguinal o neuropatía femoral. Resultados: la calidad del bloqueo fue buena en 90,5 por ciento, de los pacientes, regular en 7,1 por ciento y mala en el 2,4 por ciento. La media del tiempo de analgesia al movimiento fue de 15,17 h (DE 10,52), con un mínimo de 4,17 y un máximo de 28,40 h. Las complicaciones fueron escasas (9,52 por ciento). La más frecuente resultó la parestesia y el bloqueo insatisfactorio en 4,8 y 2,4 por ciento respectivamente. El grado de pacientes satisfechos fue el 95,2 por ciento del total. Conclusiones: el tiempo de analgesia en más de la mitad de los pacientes fue mayor de 12 h y la intensidad del dolor en el rango de dolor leve-moderado, tanto en reposo como al realizar algún movimiento. Las complicaciones fueron escasas, la más frecuente fue la parestesia. La técnica se asocia con elevados niveles de satisfacción por parte de los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: The femoral nerve block is one of the basic nerve block techniques. Objective: To describe the results of femoral nerve block with peripheral nerve stimulator in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Method: Observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 84 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy, in whom femoral nerve block was used as an anesthetic technique. Patients older than 18 years were included, with physical status I-III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), without known allergy to local anesthetics and without contraindications for regional techniques; patients with previous ilioinguinal surgery, and with tumors in the inguinal region or femoral neuropathy, were excluded from the study. Results: The block quality was good in 90.5 percent of the patients, regular in 7.1 percent, and poor in 2.4 percent. The average time of analgesia to movement was 15.17 hours (SD 10.52), with a minimum of 4.17 and a maximum of 28.40 hours. Complications were minimal (9.52 percent). The most frequent was paresthesia and the unsatisfactory block, in 4.8 and 2.4 percent, respectively. The degree of satisfied patients was 95.2 percent of the total. Conclusions: The analgesic time in more than half of the patients was greater than 12 hours, while the pain intensity was in the range of mild to moderate, both at rest and when performing some movement. Complications were minimal, the most frequent was paresthesia. The technique is associated with high levels of satisfaction as expressed by the patients(AU)

Advantages and evidence of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of adult acute tonsillitis / 中国中药杂志

Though evaluation and analysis on the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, the total number of retrieved literature was 2 664. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,the literatures were screened out, and the results were as follows：374 literatures. To analyse the advantages and evidence of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of adult acute tonsillitis. It is found to be effective, convenient and practical for the treatment of acute tonsillitis by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) like treatment according to syndrome differentiation, Chinese patent drug, self Chinese medicine prescription and external treatment. TCM has obvious advantages in the prevention and treatment of acute tonsillitis, has the function of supplementing or substituting antibiotics, and has the function of regulating the defense function of organism.

Review on advantages and evidence of treating and preventing urinary tract infection in traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the category of stranguria. This article describes the unsatisfactory situations in clinical practice such as antibiotics abuse, increasing of drug-resistant bacteria, high recurrence rate, etc. According to evidence-based medicine, literatures as evidence are collected for summarizing and analyzing and the result shows the advantages of TCM of relieving symptoms, reducing the dosage of antibiotics, less side effects, lower recurrence rate, etc. In the field of fundamental research, literatures associated with UTI are also summarized and analysed from several perspectives, such as causes, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine, working mechanism of non-drug therapy, etc and the result presents that integrated treatment of TCM in UTI has significant advangtages and its own characteristic.

Advantages and evidences research on Chinese medicine for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease / 中国中药杂志

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infectious disease. At present, Western medicine is mainly treated with antibiotics. However, the situation of antibiotics abuse is so grim that the potential risks such as the imbalance of bacteria, the resistance of bacteria, the production of super bacteria and the increase of adverse reactions are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to supplement or substitute antibiotics for the treatment of this disease. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of the disease is effective and has its unique advantages. This paper mainly discusses the advantages and evidences of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, to further prove the effectiveness and safety of TCM treatment and to provide medical evidence of reducing antibiotics use.

Advantages and problems of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of acute pharyngitis / 中国中药杂志

This paper systematically studies relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years. China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) was used to collect the literatures for acute pharyngitis treated with traditional Chinese medicine from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016, and the bibliometric method was employed for statistical analysis. A total of 493 papers were preliminarily selected. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 182 eligible articles were selected. According to the evaluation and analysis of the literatures, the Guidelines for Clinical Research of New Drugs is currently used as the common standards for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pharyngitis; Chinese patent medicines are the main traditional Chinese medicine for treating this disease; Decoctions for treatment of this disease include Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scrophdlariae Radix, Isatidis Radix, and Ophiopogonis Radix; The bloodletting puncture is the common external therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine have their own characteristics in the treatment of this disease. Western medicine for the treatment of acute pharyngitis are mainly antiviral, antibiotic and glucocorticoid drugs, whose disadvantages are toxicity, side effects, drug resistance and double infections. Traditional Chinese medicine doctors have rich experiences in the treatment of the disease, which is characterized by treatment determination based on syndrome differentiation, safe and reliable medication, significant curative effect, low drug resistance, and wide varieties of traditional Chinese medicine forms, convenient portability and taking, low price, and low toxic and side effects. It is an arduous and significant task to explore traditional Chinese medicine, and study and develop new-type effective drugs.